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Ubuntu Technical Documentation
Ubuntu 7.10 to 9.04 Documentation
 
RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) according to the wikipedia,  a technology that allowed computer users to achieve high levels of storage reliability from low-cost and less reliable PC-class disk-drive components, via the technique of arranging the devices into arrays for redundancy.

 Different RAID levels are
 
RAID 0 (striped disks)
RAID 1 (Mirror)
RAID 5 (striped disks with parity) 
RAID 6 (striped disks with dual parity) 
RAID 10 (or 1+0) uses both striping and mirroring.
 
Software RAID
 
Software RAID is inexpensive to implement: no need for expensive controllers or identical drives. Software RAID works with ordinary EIDE, Serial ATA and SCSI drives and controllers. You can mix together whatever drive types and sizes you have on hand. When all you need are mirrored drives, software RAID is an especially good choice.
 
Software RAID setup on Ubuntu