RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) according to the wikipedia, a technology that allowed computer users to achieve high levels of
storage reliability from low-cost and less reliable PC-class disk-drive
components, via the technique of arranging the devices into arrays for
redundancy.
Different RAID levels are
RAID 0 (striped disks)
RAID 1 (Mirror)
RAID 5 (striped disks with parity)
RAID 6 (striped disks with dual parity)
RAID 10 (or 1+0) uses both striping and mirroring.
Software RAID
Software RAID is inexpensive to implement: no need for expensive
controllers or identical drives. Software RAID works with ordinary
EIDE, Serial ATA and SCSI drives and controllers. You can mix together
whatever drive types and sizes you have on hand. When all you need are
mirrored drives, software RAID is an especially good choice.
Software RAID setup on Ubuntu